The report by the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) and the International Labour Organisation (ILO) highlights the increasing impact of geopolitical and geoeconomic frictions, as well as growing automation, to the renewable energy workforce. It finds that uneven development continues across the world, with China remaining the preeminent force in both deployment of generating capacities and equipment manufacturing, mainly due to its integrated, large-scale supply chains that deliver equipment at unmatched prices.

In 2024, China created an estimated 7.3 million renewable energy jobs, or 44% of the global total. The European Union (EU) followed suit with the same total as in 2023, at 1.8 million jobs. Brazil’s renewables employment runs to 1.4 million, while India’s and the US’ barely grew from around 1 million to 1.3 million and 1.1 million, respectively.

Commenting on this trend, IRENA Director General, Francesco La Camera, said: ‘Renewable energy deployment is booming, but the human side of the story is as important as the technological side. Governments must put people at the centre of their energy and climate objectives through trade and industrial policies that drive investments, build domestic capacity and develop a skilled workforce along the supply chain.’

In terms of employment by technology, solar photovoltaics (PV) retains the lead, owing to the continued rapid expansion of installations and panel manufacturing plants, according to the report. The industry employed 7.3 million people in 2024. Asian countries hosted 75% of the world’s PV jobs, with China garnering the bulk of the employment at 4.2 million.

Liquid biofuels follow solar PV, creating 2.6 million jobs in 2024, with 46.5% of the total jobs generated in Asia. Hydropower came in third place, with 2.3 million jobs, and wind follows with 1.9 million jobs.  

Beyond the numbers, the report underscores the need for more inclusion and equity in the renewable energy workforce. A just transition demands that no population groups – such as women and people with disabilities – are left at the margins. The report highlights that a renewables-based energy future must be shaped by diverse talents and perspectives. Both groups’ potential remains under-utilised, which calls for deliberate, multifaceted and systemic action.

ILO Director General, Gilbert F. Houngbo, noted: ‘Disability inclusion is not only a matter of justice; it is essential for resilient labour markets and sustainable development. By removing barriers to equality and promoting decent work, we strengthen economies and ensure that the energy transition truly works for all.’