The Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (DESNZ) reported 152.5 TWh of clean power produced in 2025, a 5.7% increase from 144.3 TWh in 2024. This growth was driven by high wind and solar generation, with both technologies producing 10 times more power than in 2015.

Wind generation increased to its highest-ever fraction of 30% (a record 87.1 TWh), up from 29.2% (83.6 TWh) in 2024, due to increases in capacity. Offshore wind generated its highest-ever 17.9% (a record 52 TWh) in 2025, up from 17% (48.8 TWh) in 2024. Onshore wind output was similar to 2024, at 34.8 TWh (down from 35.1 TWh). Wind generated 57.1% of all renewable electricity last year, compared to 58% in 2024.

DESNZ stated that a 5 TW decrease in nuclear output to 35.9 TWh in 2025 (12.3%) meant that the share of generation from low-carbon sources (renewables and nuclear), of 64.8% in 2025 (188.3 TWh), remained similar to 2024. According to the report, the nuclear output was half the level of generation seen in 2015, reflecting the decommissioning of older plants and increased outages across the ageing fleet.

In 2025, solar reached new heights, providing a best-ever 6.9% (20 TWh) of the UK’s electricity last year, an increase from 5.1% (14.6 TWh) in the previous year, as capacity grew and average daily sun hours were higher.

Solar Energy UK said that the rising contribution to the grid from solar and other forms of renewable energy is good news for the consumer, particularly those with time-of-use tariffs. The price of electricity can plunge to zero or less during times of high solar and wind generation.

Generation by fossil fuels increased slightly from 31.9% (91.2 TWh) in 2024 to 32% (93.1 TWh) in 2025. The report states that almost all the fossil fuel generation was from gas, which increased from 87.4 TWh in 2024 to 91.5 TWh in 2025, a 31.5% share of the UK’s electricity generation in 2025 (up from 30.5% in 2024). Coal generation ceased in 2024. Coal production in 2025 rose to 120,000 tonnes, up 12% compared with 2024. This remains at historical low levels despite the increase.

RenewableUK’s CEO Tara Singh said: ‘These figures show renewables are now the backbone of Britain’s power system, supplying most of our electricity for the second year running, with wind doing the heavy lifting.’

Household energy consumption in 2025 was similar to 2024 but remains down on pre-pandemic averages. Higher energy and other prices, combined with record-high annual temperatures in 2022, contributed to this trend. Industrial energy consumption decreased by 6% and is at a consecutive record low. The last time this sector consumed this level of power was in the mid-1980s.

Net import dependency was stable, 43.5% in 2025 compared to 43.8% in 2024. Norway and the US were the principal sources of the UK’s imported energy in 2025.

Norway remained the UK’s largest source of imported natural gas, accounting for nearly 70% of total imports. This is equivalent to 47% of demand. LNG imports increased by 24% in 2025 compared with 2024. The US remained the largest source of LNG in 2025.

Energy production in 4Q2025 decreased by 2% compared to the same quarter in 2024. Production of all primary fuels fell except for wind, solar and hydro.

Total coal demand in 2025 fell to a record low of 0.9mn tonnes, 56% lower than in 2024. This was driven primarily by the end of coal use in electricity generation. The last coal-fired power plant at Ratcliffe-on-Soar closed on 30 September 2024. Coal use has been phased out as electricity generation now favours gas, nuclear and renewables. 

Primary oil production in the mature North Sea basin was up 2.4% on last year’s record low, to 31.4mn tonnes. Primary oil exports were at their lowest levels and at 27.5mn tonnes were down by 2.8% on the previous year. Refinery demand in 2025 was down by 5.1%. Production of petroleum products dropped to a record low of 49.4mn tonnes in 2025. This represents a 5.2% fall in 2024.

Outside of electricity production, gas demand was broadly stable in 2025, down 0.9%. Demand has remained at lows last seen in the early 1990s for the third consecutive year. Industrial gas demand continued to fall, down 7.5%, remaining at levels last seen in the 1970s. Demand by final consumers fell by 2.7% in 2025. Gas production fell by 3.3% to 332 TWh in 2025 compared with 2024.

Total electricity demand in 2025 increased slightly compared to 2024, up 0.2% to 320.2 TWh. Domestic consumption increased from 2024’s record low to 93.5 TWh, up 1.3%. Net imports fell by 11% to 29.7 TWh, compared to the record high in 2024. There was a 37.5% increase in exports to the second-highest figure in the published data series. UK-based generation increased by 1.5% compared to 2024, up to 290.6 TWh.