J Soltock, Electric refuelling, Professional Engineering, March/April 2021, p 37

In UK, D2H Advanced Technologies and Creda are tackling the challenge of thermal management in the rapid charging of vehicle batteries. Charging from a 3 kW domestic socket takes 17 hours from zero to 100%, whereas a 150 kW public station raises the capacity from 20 to 80% in 30 minutes. To date, dielectric fluids offer promise of more efficient heat transfer and fewer hazards to battery life.