D Clark, Fit for export, Future Refining & Storage Supplement to Petroleum Review, December 2012, p 15

Re the US ASTM D975 specification, only the two low-sulphur fuels (Grades 1-D and 2-D) are of interest, but these must meet the specification requirements of the purchaser. For example the cloud point and pour point must be below -9°C and -18°C respectively. Without cold-flow additives, the cloud point is only slightly above the cold filter plugging point, but additives can raise the cloud point and so increase profits. Since both hydrotreatment to remove sulphur, and blending with kerosine to improve the low-temperature performance, lower the lubricity, the use of lubricity additives can be advantageous.